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-rw-r--r--libdvdcss/css.c1695
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diff --git a/libdvdcss/css.c b/libdvdcss/css.c
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+/*****************************************************************************
+ * css.c: Functions for DVD authentication and descrambling
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2003 VideoLAN
+ * $Id$
+ *
+ * Authors: Stéphane Borel <stef@via.ecp.fr>
+ * Håkan Hjort <d95hjort@dtek.chalmers.se>
+ *
+ * based on:
+ * - css-auth by Derek Fawcus <derek@spider.com>
+ * - DVD CSS ioctls example program by Andrew T. Veliath <andrewtv@usa.net>
+ * - The Divide and conquer attack by Frank A. Stevenson <frank@funcom.com>
+ * (see http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/FrankStevenson/index.html)
+ * - DeCSSPlus by Ethan Hawke
+ * - DecVOB
+ * see http://www.lemuria.org/DeCSS/ by Tom Vogt for more information.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Preamble
+ *****************************************************************************/
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
+# include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
+# include <limits.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "dvdcss/dvdcss.h"
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "css.h"
+#include "libdvdcss.h"
+#include "csstables.h"
+#include "ioctl.h"
+#include "device.h"
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Local prototypes
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static void PrintKey ( dvdcss_t, char *, uint8_t const * );
+
+static int GetBusKey ( dvdcss_t );
+static int GetASF ( dvdcss_t );
+
+static void CryptKey ( int, int, uint8_t const *, uint8_t * );
+static void DecryptKey ( uint8_t,
+ uint8_t const *, uint8_t const *, uint8_t * );
+
+static int DecryptDiscKey ( dvdcss_t, uint8_t const *, dvd_key_t );
+static int CrackDiscKey ( dvdcss_t, uint8_t * );
+
+static void DecryptTitleKey ( dvd_key_t, dvd_key_t );
+static int RecoverTitleKey ( int, uint8_t const *,
+ uint8_t const *, uint8_t const *, uint8_t * );
+static int CrackTitleKey ( dvdcss_t, int, int, dvd_key_t );
+
+static int AttackPattern ( uint8_t const[], int, uint8_t * );
+#if 0
+static int AttackPadding ( uint8_t const[], int, uint8_t * );
+#endif
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * _dvdcss_test: check if the disc is encrypted or not
+ *****************************************************************************/
+int _dvdcss_test( dvdcss_t dvdcss )
+{
+ int i_ret, i_copyright;
+
+ i_ret = ioctl_ReadCopyright( dvdcss->i_fd, 0 /* i_layer */, &i_copyright );
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+ if( i_ret < 0 )
+ {
+ /* Maybe we didn't have enough privileges to read the copyright
+ * (see ioctl_ReadCopyright comments).
+ * Apparently, on unencrypted DVDs _dvdcss_disckey() always fails, so
+ * we can check this as a workaround. */
+ i_ret = 0;
+ i_copyright = 1;
+ if( _dvdcss_disckey( dvdcss ) < 0 )
+ {
+ i_copyright = 0;
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
+ if( i_ret < 0 )
+ {
+ /* Since it's the first ioctl we try to issue, we add a notice */
+ print_error( dvdcss, "css error: ioctl_ReadCopyright failed, "
+ "make sure there is a DVD in the drive, and that "
+ "you have used the correct device node." );
+
+ return i_ret;
+ }
+
+ return i_copyright;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * _dvdcss_title: crack or decrypt the current title key if needed
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * This function should only be called by dvdcss->pf_seek and should eventually
+ * not be external if possible.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+int _dvdcss_title ( dvdcss_t dvdcss, int i_block )
+{
+ dvd_title_t *p_title;
+ dvd_title_t *p_newtitle;
+ dvd_key_t p_title_key;
+ int i_fd, i_ret = -1, b_cache = 0;
+
+ if( ! dvdcss->b_scrambled )
+ {
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Check if we've already cracked this key */
+ p_title = dvdcss->p_titles;
+ while( p_title != NULL
+ && p_title->p_next != NULL
+ && p_title->p_next->i_startlb <= i_block )
+ {
+ p_title = p_title->p_next;
+ }
+
+ if( p_title != NULL
+ && p_title->i_startlb == i_block )
+ {
+ /* We've already cracked this key, nothing to do */
+ memcpy( dvdcss->css.p_title_key, p_title->p_key, sizeof(dvd_key_t) );
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Check whether the key is in our disk cache */
+ if( dvdcss->psz_cachefile[0] )
+ {
+ /* XXX: be careful, we use sprintf and not snprintf */
+ sprintf( dvdcss->psz_block, "%.10x", i_block );
+ i_fd = open( dvdcss->psz_cachefile, O_RDONLY );
+ b_cache = 1;
+
+ if( i_fd >= 0 )
+ {
+ char psz_key[KEY_SIZE * 3];
+ unsigned int k0, k1, k2, k3, k4;
+
+ psz_key[KEY_SIZE * 3 - 1] = '\0';
+
+ if( read( i_fd, psz_key, KEY_SIZE * 3 - 1 ) == KEY_SIZE * 3 - 1
+ && sscanf( psz_key, "%x:%x:%x:%x:%x",
+ &k0, &k1, &k2, &k3, &k4 ) == 5 )
+ {
+ p_title_key[0] = k0;
+ p_title_key[1] = k1;
+ p_title_key[2] = k2;
+ p_title_key[3] = k3;
+ p_title_key[4] = k4;
+ PrintKey( dvdcss, "title key found in cache ", p_title_key );
+
+ /* Don't try to save it again */
+ b_cache = 0;
+ i_ret = 1;
+ }
+
+ close( i_fd );
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Crack or decrypt CSS title key for current VTS */
+ if( i_ret < 0 )
+ {
+ i_ret = _dvdcss_titlekey( dvdcss, i_block, p_title_key );
+
+ if( i_ret < 0 )
+ {
+ print_error( dvdcss, "fatal error in vts css key" );
+ return i_ret;
+ }
+
+ if( i_ret == 0 )
+ {
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "unencrypted title" );
+ /* We cache this anyway, so we don't need to check again. */
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Key is valid, we store it on disk. */
+ if( dvdcss->psz_cachefile[0] && b_cache )
+ {
+ i_fd = open( dvdcss->psz_cachefile, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644 );
+ if( i_fd >= 0 )
+ {
+ char psz_key[KEY_SIZE * 3 + 2];
+
+ sprintf( psz_key, "%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\r\n",
+ p_title_key[0], p_title_key[1], p_title_key[2],
+ p_title_key[3], p_title_key[4] );
+
+ write( i_fd, psz_key, KEY_SIZE * 3 + 1 );
+ close( i_fd );
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Find our spot in the list */
+ p_newtitle = NULL;
+ p_title = dvdcss->p_titles;
+ while( ( p_title != NULL ) && ( p_title->i_startlb < i_block ) )
+ {
+ p_newtitle = p_title;
+ p_title = p_title->p_next;
+ }
+
+ /* Save the found title */
+ p_title = p_newtitle;
+
+ /* Write in the new title and its key */
+ p_newtitle = malloc( sizeof( dvd_title_t ) );
+ p_newtitle->i_startlb = i_block;
+ memcpy( p_newtitle->p_key, p_title_key, KEY_SIZE );
+
+ /* Link it at the head of the (possibly empty) list */
+ if( p_title == NULL )
+ {
+ p_newtitle->p_next = dvdcss->p_titles;
+ dvdcss->p_titles = p_newtitle;
+ }
+ /* Link the new title inside the list */
+ else
+ {
+ p_newtitle->p_next = p_title->p_next;
+ p_title->p_next = p_newtitle;
+ }
+
+ memcpy( dvdcss->css.p_title_key, p_title_key, KEY_SIZE );
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * _dvdcss_disckey: get disc key.
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * This function should only be called if DVD ioctls are present.
+ * It will set dvdcss->i_method = DVDCSS_METHOD_TITLE if it fails to find
+ * a valid disc key.
+ * Two decryption methods are offered:
+ * -disc key hash crack,
+ * -decryption with player keys if they are available.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+int _dvdcss_disckey( dvdcss_t dvdcss )
+{
+ unsigned char p_buffer[ DVD_DISCKEY_SIZE ];
+ dvd_key_t p_disc_key;
+ int i;
+
+ if( GetBusKey( dvdcss ) < 0 )
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Get encrypted disc key */
+ if( ioctl_ReadDiscKey( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid, p_buffer ) < 0 )
+ {
+ print_error( dvdcss, "ioctl ReadDiscKey failed" );
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* This should have invaidated the AGID and got us ASF=1. */
+ if( GetASF( dvdcss ) != 1 )
+ {
+ /* Region mismatch (or region not set) is the most likely source. */
+ print_error( dvdcss,
+ "ASF not 1 after reading disc key (region mismatch?)" );
+ ioctl_InvalidateAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Shuffle disc key using bus key */
+ for( i = 0 ; i < DVD_DISCKEY_SIZE ; i++ )
+ {
+ p_buffer[ i ] ^= dvdcss->css.p_bus_key[ 4 - (i % KEY_SIZE) ];
+ }
+
+ /* Decrypt disc key */
+ switch( dvdcss->i_method )
+ {
+ case DVDCSS_METHOD_KEY:
+
+ /* Decrypt disc key with player key. */
+ PrintKey( dvdcss, "decrypting disc key ", p_buffer );
+ if( ! DecryptDiscKey( dvdcss, p_buffer, p_disc_key ) )
+ {
+ PrintKey( dvdcss, "decrypted disc key is ", p_disc_key );
+ break;
+ }
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "failed to decrypt the disc key, "
+ "faulty drive/kernel? "
+ "cracking title keys instead" );
+
+ /* Fallback, but not to DISC as the disc key might be faulty */
+ dvdcss->i_method = DVDCSS_METHOD_TITLE;
+ break;
+
+ case DVDCSS_METHOD_DISC:
+
+ /* Crack Disc key to be able to use it */
+ memcpy( p_disc_key, p_buffer, KEY_SIZE );
+ PrintKey( dvdcss, "cracking disc key ", p_disc_key );
+ if( ! CrackDiscKey( dvdcss, p_disc_key ) )
+ {
+ PrintKey( dvdcss, "cracked disc key is ", p_disc_key );
+ break;
+ }
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "failed to crack the disc key" );
+ memset( p_disc_key, 0, KEY_SIZE );
+ dvdcss->i_method = DVDCSS_METHOD_TITLE;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "disc key needs not be decrypted" );
+ memset( p_disc_key, 0, KEY_SIZE );
+ break;
+ }
+
+ memcpy( dvdcss->css.p_disc_key, p_disc_key, KEY_SIZE );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * _dvdcss_titlekey: get title key.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+int _dvdcss_titlekey( dvdcss_t dvdcss, int i_pos, dvd_key_t p_title_key )
+{
+ static uint8_t p_garbage[ DVDCSS_BLOCK_SIZE ]; /* we never read it back */
+ uint8_t p_key[ KEY_SIZE ];
+ int i, i_ret = 0;
+
+ if( dvdcss->b_ioctls && ( dvdcss->i_method == DVDCSS_METHOD_KEY ||
+ dvdcss->i_method == DVDCSS_METHOD_DISC ) )
+ {
+ /* We have a decrypted Disc key and the ioctls are available,
+ * read the title key and decrypt it.
+ */
+
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "getting title key at block %i the classic way",
+ i_pos );
+
+ /* We need to authenticate again every time to get a new session key */
+ if( GetBusKey( dvdcss ) < 0 )
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Get encrypted title key */
+ if( ioctl_ReadTitleKey( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid,
+ i_pos, p_key ) < 0 )
+ {
+ print_debug( dvdcss,
+ "ioctl ReadTitleKey failed (region mismatch?)" );
+ i_ret = -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Test ASF, it will be reset to 0 if we got a Region error */
+ switch( GetASF( dvdcss ) )
+ {
+ case -1:
+ /* An error getting the ASF status, something must be wrong. */
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "lost ASF requesting title key" );
+ ioctl_InvalidateAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+ i_ret = -1;
+ break;
+
+ case 0:
+ /* This might either be a title that has no key,
+ * or we encountered a region error. */
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "lost ASF requesting title key" );
+ break;
+
+ case 1:
+ /* Drive status is ok. */
+ /* If the title key request failed, but we did not loose ASF,
+ * we might stil have the AGID. Other code assume that we
+ * will not after this so invalidate it(?). */
+ if( i_ret < 0 )
+ {
+ ioctl_InvalidateAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if( !( i_ret < 0 ) )
+ {
+ /* Decrypt title key using the bus key */
+ for( i = 0 ; i < KEY_SIZE ; i++ )
+ {
+ p_key[ i ] ^= dvdcss->css.p_bus_key[ 4 - (i % KEY_SIZE) ];
+ }
+
+ /* If p_key is all zero then there really wasn't any key present
+ * even though we got to read it without an error. */
+ if( !( p_key[0] | p_key[1] | p_key[2] | p_key[3] | p_key[4] ) )
+ {
+ i_ret = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ PrintKey( dvdcss, "initial disc key ", dvdcss->css.p_disc_key );
+ DecryptTitleKey( dvdcss->css.p_disc_key, p_key );
+ PrintKey( dvdcss, "decrypted title key ", p_key );
+ i_ret = 1;
+ }
+
+ /* All went well either there wasn't a key or we have it now. */
+ memcpy( p_title_key, p_key, KEY_SIZE );
+ PrintKey( dvdcss, "title key is ", p_title_key );
+
+ return i_ret;
+ }
+
+ /* The title key request failed */
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "resetting drive and cracking title key" );
+
+ /* Read an unscrambled sector and reset the drive */
+ dvdcss->pf_seek( dvdcss, 0 );
+ dvdcss->pf_read( dvdcss, p_garbage, 1 );
+ dvdcss->pf_seek( dvdcss, 0 );
+ _dvdcss_disckey( dvdcss );
+
+ /* Fallback */
+ }
+
+ /* METHOD is TITLE, we can't use the ioctls or requesting the title key
+ * failed above. For these cases we try to crack the key instead. */
+
+ /* For now, the read limit is 9Gb / 2048 = 4718592 sectors. */
+ i_ret = CrackTitleKey( dvdcss, i_pos, 4718592, p_key );
+
+ memcpy( p_title_key, p_key, KEY_SIZE );
+ PrintKey( dvdcss, "title key is ", p_title_key );
+
+ return i_ret;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * _dvdcss_unscramble: does the actual descrambling of data
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * sec : sector to unscramble
+ * key : title key for this sector
+ *****************************************************************************/
+int _dvdcss_unscramble( dvd_key_t p_key, uint8_t *p_sec )
+{
+ unsigned int i_t1, i_t2, i_t3, i_t4, i_t5, i_t6;
+ uint8_t *p_end = p_sec + DVDCSS_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+ /* PES_scrambling_control */
+ if( !(p_sec[0x14] & 0x30) )
+ {
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ i_t1 = (p_key[0] ^ p_sec[0x54]) | 0x100;
+ i_t2 = p_key[1] ^ p_sec[0x55];
+ i_t3 = (p_key[2] | (p_key[3] << 8) |
+ (p_key[4] << 16)) ^ (p_sec[0x56] |
+ (p_sec[0x57] << 8) | (p_sec[0x58] << 16));
+ i_t4 = i_t3 & 7;
+ i_t3 = i_t3 * 2 + 8 - i_t4;
+ p_sec += 0x80;
+ i_t5 = 0;
+
+ while( p_sec != p_end )
+ {
+ i_t4 = p_css_tab2[i_t2] ^ p_css_tab3[i_t1];
+ i_t2 = i_t1>>1;
+ i_t1 = ( ( i_t1 & 1 ) << 8 ) ^ i_t4;
+ i_t4 = p_css_tab5[i_t4];
+ i_t6 = ((((((( i_t3 >> 3 ) ^ i_t3 ) >> 1 ) ^
+ i_t3 ) >> 8 ) ^ i_t3 ) >> 5 ) & 0xff;
+ i_t3 = (i_t3 << 8 ) | i_t6;
+ i_t6 = p_css_tab4[i_t6];
+ i_t5 += i_t6 + i_t4;
+ *p_sec = p_css_tab1[*p_sec] ^ ( i_t5 & 0xff );
+ p_sec++;
+ i_t5 >>= 8;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Following functions are local */
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * GetBusKey : Go through the CSS Authentication process
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * It simulates the mutual authentication between logical unit and host,
+ * and stops when a session key (called bus key) has been established.
+ * Always do the full auth sequence. Some drives seem to lie and always
+ * respond with ASF=1. For instance the old DVD roms on Compaq Armada says
+ * that ASF=1 from the start and then later fail with a 'read of scrambled
+ * block without authentication' error.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static int GetBusKey( dvdcss_t dvdcss )
+{
+ uint8_t p_buffer[10];
+ uint8_t p_challenge[2*KEY_SIZE];
+ dvd_key_t p_key1;
+ dvd_key_t p_key2;
+ dvd_key_t p_key_check;
+ uint8_t i_variant = 0;
+ int i_ret = -1;
+ int i;
+
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "requesting AGID" );
+ i_ret = ioctl_ReportAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+
+ /* We might have to reset hung authentication processes in the drive
+ * by invalidating the corresponding AGID'. As long as we haven't got
+ * an AGID, invalidate one (in sequence) and try again. */
+ for( i = 0; i_ret == -1 && i < 4 ; ++i )
+ {
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "ioctl ReportAgid failed, "
+ "invalidating AGID %d", i );
+
+ /* This is really _not good_, should be handled by the OS.
+ * Invalidating an AGID could make another process fail somewhere
+ * in its authentication process. */
+ dvdcss->css.i_agid = i;
+ ioctl_InvalidateAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "requesting AGID" );
+ i_ret = ioctl_ReportAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+ }
+
+ /* Unable to authenticate without AGID */
+ if( i_ret == -1 )
+ {
+ print_error( dvdcss, "ioctl ReportAgid failed, fatal" );
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Setup a challenge, any values should work */
+ for( i = 0 ; i < 10; ++i )
+ {
+ p_challenge[i] = i;
+ }
+
+ /* Get challenge from host */
+ for( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; ++i )
+ {
+ p_buffer[9-i] = p_challenge[i];
+ }
+
+ /* Send challenge to LU */
+ if( ioctl_SendChallenge( dvdcss->i_fd,
+ &dvdcss->css.i_agid, p_buffer ) < 0 )
+ {
+ print_error( dvdcss, "ioctl SendChallenge failed" );
+ ioctl_InvalidateAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Get key1 from LU */
+ if( ioctl_ReportKey1( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid, p_buffer ) < 0)
+ {
+ print_error( dvdcss, "ioctl ReportKey1 failed" );
+ ioctl_InvalidateAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Send key1 to host */
+ for( i = 0 ; i < KEY_SIZE ; i++ )
+ {
+ p_key1[i] = p_buffer[4-i];
+ }
+
+ for( i = 0 ; i < 32 ; ++i )
+ {
+ CryptKey( 0, i, p_challenge, p_key_check );
+
+ if( memcmp( p_key_check, p_key1, KEY_SIZE ) == 0 )
+ {
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "drive authenticated, using variant %d", i );
+ i_variant = i;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if( i == 32 )
+ {
+ print_error( dvdcss, "drive would not authenticate" );
+ ioctl_InvalidateAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Get challenge from LU */
+ if( ioctl_ReportChallenge( dvdcss->i_fd,
+ &dvdcss->css.i_agid, p_buffer ) < 0 )
+ {
+ print_error( dvdcss, "ioctl ReportKeyChallenge failed" );
+ ioctl_InvalidateAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Send challenge to host */
+ for( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; ++i )
+ {
+ p_challenge[i] = p_buffer[9-i];
+ }
+
+ CryptKey( 1, i_variant, p_challenge, p_key2 );
+
+ /* Get key2 from host */
+ for( i = 0 ; i < KEY_SIZE ; ++i )
+ {
+ p_buffer[4-i] = p_key2[i];
+ }
+
+ /* Send key2 to LU */
+ if( ioctl_SendKey2( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid, p_buffer ) < 0 )
+ {
+ print_error( dvdcss, "ioctl SendKey2 failed" );
+ ioctl_InvalidateAgid( dvdcss->i_fd, &dvdcss->css.i_agid );
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* The drive has accepted us as authentic. */
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "authentication established" );
+
+ memcpy( p_challenge, p_key1, KEY_SIZE );
+ memcpy( p_challenge + KEY_SIZE, p_key2, KEY_SIZE );
+
+ CryptKey( 2, i_variant, p_challenge, dvdcss->css.p_bus_key );
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * PrintKey : debug function that dumps a key value
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static void PrintKey( dvdcss_t dvdcss, char *prefix, uint8_t const *data )
+{
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "%s%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x", prefix,
+ data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3], data[4] );
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * GetASF : Get Authentication success flag
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * Returns :
+ * -1 on ioctl error,
+ * 0 if the device needs to be authenticated,
+ * 1 either.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static int GetASF( dvdcss_t dvdcss )
+{
+ int i_asf = 0;
+
+ if( ioctl_ReportASF( dvdcss->i_fd, NULL, &i_asf ) != 0 )
+ {
+ /* The ioctl process has failed */
+ print_error( dvdcss, "GetASF fatal error" );
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ if( i_asf )
+ {
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "GetASF authenticated, ASF=1" );
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ print_debug( dvdcss, "GetASF not authenticated, ASF=0" );
+ }
+
+ return i_asf;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * CryptKey : shuffles bits and unencrypt keys.
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * Used during authentication and disc key negociation in GetBusKey.
+ * i_key_type : 0->key1, 1->key2, 2->buskey.
+ * i_variant : between 0 and 31.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static void CryptKey( int i_key_type, int i_variant,
+ uint8_t const *p_challenge, uint8_t *p_key )
+{
+ /* Permutation table for challenge */
+ uint8_t pp_perm_challenge[3][10] =
+ { { 1, 3, 0, 7, 5, 2, 9, 6, 4, 8 },
+ { 6, 1, 9, 3, 8, 5, 7, 4, 0, 2 },
+ { 4, 0, 3, 5, 7, 2, 8, 6, 1, 9 } };
+
+ /* Permutation table for variant table for key2 and buskey */
+ uint8_t pp_perm_variant[2][32] =
+ { { 0x0a, 0x08, 0x0e, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x09, 0x0f, 0x0d,
+ 0x1a, 0x18, 0x1e, 0x1c, 0x1b, 0x19, 0x1f, 0x1d,
+ 0x02, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04, 0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0x05,
+ 0x12, 0x10, 0x16, 0x14, 0x13, 0x11, 0x17, 0x15 },
+ { 0x12, 0x1a, 0x16, 0x1e, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x0e,
+ 0x10, 0x18, 0x14, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x08, 0x04, 0x0c,
+ 0x13, 0x1b, 0x17, 0x1f, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x07, 0x0f,
+ 0x11, 0x19, 0x15, 0x1d, 0x01, 0x09, 0x05, 0x0d } };
+
+ uint8_t p_variants[32] =
+ { 0xB7, 0x74, 0x85, 0xD0, 0xCC, 0xDB, 0xCA, 0x73,
+ 0x03, 0xFE, 0x31, 0x03, 0x52, 0xE0, 0xB7, 0x42,
+ 0x63, 0x16, 0xF2, 0x2A, 0x79, 0x52, 0xFF, 0x1B,
+ 0x7A, 0x11, 0xCA, 0x1A, 0x9B, 0x40, 0xAD, 0x01 };
+
+ /* The "secret" key */
+ uint8_t p_secret[5] = { 0x55, 0xD6, 0xC4, 0xC5, 0x28 };
+
+ uint8_t p_bits[30], p_scratch[10], p_tmp1[5], p_tmp2[5];
+ uint8_t i_lfsr0_o; /* 1 bit used */
+ uint8_t i_lfsr1_o; /* 1 bit used */
+ uint8_t i_css_variant, i_cse, i_index, i_combined, i_carry;
+ uint8_t i_val = 0;
+ uint32_t i_lfsr0, i_lfsr1;
+ int i_term = 0;
+ int i_bit;
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 9; i >= 0; --i)
+ p_scratch[i] = p_challenge[pp_perm_challenge[i_key_type][i]];
+
+ i_css_variant = ( i_key_type == 0 ) ? i_variant :
+ pp_perm_variant[i_key_type-1][i_variant];
+
+ /*
+ * This encryption engine implements one of 32 variations
+ * one the same theme depending upon the choice in the
+ * variant parameter (0 - 31).
+ *
+ * The algorithm itself manipulates a 40 bit input into
+ * a 40 bit output.
+ * The parameter 'input' is 80 bits. It consists of
+ * the 40 bit input value that is to be encrypted followed
+ * by a 40 bit seed value for the pseudo random number
+ * generators.
+ */
+
+ /* Feed the secret into the input values such that
+ * we alter the seed to the LFSR's used above, then
+ * generate the bits to play with.
+ */
+ for( i = 5 ; --i >= 0 ; )
+ {
+ p_tmp1[i] = p_scratch[5 + i] ^ p_secret[i] ^ p_crypt_tab2[i];
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * We use two LFSR's (seeded from some of the input data bytes) to
+ * generate two streams of pseudo-random bits. These two bit streams
+ * are then combined by simply adding with carry to generate a final
+ * sequence of pseudo-random bits which is stored in the buffer that
+ * 'output' points to the end of - len is the size of this buffer.
+ *
+ * The first LFSR is of degree 25, and has a polynomial of:
+ * x^13 + x^5 + x^4 + x^1 + 1
+ *
+ * The second LSFR is of degree 17, and has a (primitive) polynomial of:
+ * x^15 + x^1 + 1
+ *
+ * I don't know if these polynomials are primitive modulo 2, and thus
+ * represent maximal-period LFSR's.
+ *
+ *
+ * Note that we take the output of each LFSR from the new shifted in
+ * bit, not the old shifted out bit. Thus for ease of use the LFSR's
+ * are implemented in bit reversed order.
+ *
+ */
+
+ /* In order to ensure that the LFSR works we need to ensure that the
+ * initial values are non-zero. Thus when we initialise them from
+ * the seed, we ensure that a bit is set.
+ */
+ i_lfsr0 = ( p_tmp1[0] << 17 ) | ( p_tmp1[1] << 9 ) |
+ (( p_tmp1[2] & ~7 ) << 1 ) | 8 | ( p_tmp1[2] & 7 );
+ i_lfsr1 = ( p_tmp1[3] << 9 ) | 0x100 | p_tmp1[4];
+
+ i_index = sizeof(p_bits);
+ i_carry = 0;
+
+ do
+ {
+ for( i_bit = 0, i_val = 0 ; i_bit < 8 ; ++i_bit )
+ {
+
+ i_lfsr0_o = ( ( i_lfsr0 >> 24 ) ^ ( i_lfsr0 >> 21 ) ^
+ ( i_lfsr0 >> 20 ) ^ ( i_lfsr0 >> 12 ) ) & 1;
+ i_lfsr0 = ( i_lfsr0 << 1 ) | i_lfsr0_o;
+
+ i_lfsr1_o = ( ( i_lfsr1 >> 16 ) ^ ( i_lfsr1 >> 2 ) ) & 1;
+ i_lfsr1 = ( i_lfsr1 << 1 ) | i_lfsr1_o;
+
+ i_combined = !i_lfsr1_o + i_carry + !i_lfsr0_o;
+ /* taking bit 1 */
+ i_carry = ( i_combined >> 1 ) & 1;
+ i_val |= ( i_combined & 1 ) << i_bit;
+ }
+
+ p_bits[--i_index] = i_val;
+ } while( i_index > 0 );
+
+ /* This term is used throughout the following to
+ * select one of 32 different variations on the
+ * algorithm.
+ */
+ i_cse = p_variants[i_css_variant] ^ p_crypt_tab2[i_css_variant];
+
+ /* Now the actual blocks doing the encryption. Each
+ * of these works on 40 bits at a time and are quite
+ * similar.
+ */
+ i_index = 0;
+ for( i = 5, i_term = 0 ; --i >= 0 ; i_term = p_scratch[i] )
+ {
+ i_index = p_bits[25 + i] ^ p_scratch[i];
+ i_index = p_crypt_tab1[i_index] ^ ~p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ i_cse;
+
+ p_tmp1[i] = p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ p_crypt_tab3[i_index] ^ i_term;
+ }
+ p_tmp1[4] ^= p_tmp1[0];
+
+ for( i = 5, i_term = 0 ; --i >= 0 ; i_term = p_tmp1[i] )
+ {
+ i_index = p_bits[20 + i] ^ p_tmp1[i];
+ i_index = p_crypt_tab1[i_index] ^ ~p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ i_cse;
+
+ p_tmp2[i] = p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ p_crypt_tab3[i_index] ^ i_term;
+ }
+ p_tmp2[4] ^= p_tmp2[0];
+
+ for( i = 5, i_term = 0 ; --i >= 0 ; i_term = p_tmp2[i] )
+ {
+ i_index = p_bits[15 + i] ^ p_tmp2[i];
+ i_index = p_crypt_tab1[i_index] ^ ~p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ i_cse;
+ i_index = p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ p_crypt_tab3[i_index] ^ i_term;
+
+ p_tmp1[i] = p_crypt_tab0[i_index] ^ p_crypt_tab2[i_index];
+ }
+ p_tmp1[4] ^= p_tmp1[0];
+
+ for( i = 5, i_term = 0 ; --i >= 0 ; i_term = p_tmp1[i] )
+ {
+ i_index = p_bits[10 + i] ^ p_tmp1[i];
+ i_index = p_crypt_tab1[i_index] ^ ~p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ i_cse;
+
+ i_index = p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ p_crypt_tab3[i_index] ^ i_term;
+
+ p_tmp2[i] = p_crypt_tab0[i_index] ^ p_crypt_tab2[i_index];
+ }
+ p_tmp2[4] ^= p_tmp2[0];
+
+ for( i = 5, i_term = 0 ; --i >= 0 ; i_term = p_tmp2[i] )
+ {
+ i_index = p_bits[5 + i] ^ p_tmp2[i];
+ i_index = p_crypt_tab1[i_index] ^ ~p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ i_cse;
+
+ p_tmp1[i] = p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ p_crypt_tab3[i_index] ^ i_term;
+ }
+ p_tmp1[4] ^= p_tmp1[0];
+
+ for(i = 5, i_term = 0 ; --i >= 0 ; i_term = p_tmp1[i] )
+ {
+ i_index = p_bits[i] ^ p_tmp1[i];
+ i_index = p_crypt_tab1[i_index] ^ ~p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ i_cse;
+
+ p_key[i] = p_crypt_tab2[i_index] ^ p_crypt_tab3[i_index] ^ i_term;
+ }
+
+ return;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * DecryptKey: decrypt p_crypted with p_key.
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * Used to decrypt the disc key, with a player key, after requesting it
+ * in _dvdcss_disckey and to decrypt title keys, with a disc key, requested
+ * in _dvdcss_titlekey.
+ * The player keys and the resulting disc key are only used as KEKs
+ * (key encryption keys).
+ * Decryption is slightly dependant on the type of key:
+ * -for disc key, invert is 0x00,
+ * -for title key, invert if 0xff.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static void DecryptKey( uint8_t invert, uint8_t const *p_key,
+ uint8_t const *p_crypted, uint8_t *p_result )
+{
+ unsigned int i_lfsr1_lo;
+ unsigned int i_lfsr1_hi;
+ unsigned int i_lfsr0;
+ unsigned int i_combined;
+ uint8_t o_lfsr0;
+ uint8_t o_lfsr1;
+ uint8_t k[5];
+ int i;
+
+ i_lfsr1_lo = p_key[0] | 0x100;
+ i_lfsr1_hi = p_key[1];
+
+ i_lfsr0 = ( ( p_key[4] << 17 )
+ | ( p_key[3] << 9 )
+ | ( p_key[2] << 1 ) )
+ + 8 - ( p_key[2] & 7 );
+ i_lfsr0 = ( p_css_tab4[i_lfsr0 & 0xff] << 24 ) |
+ ( p_css_tab4[( i_lfsr0 >> 8 ) & 0xff] << 16 ) |
+ ( p_css_tab4[( i_lfsr0 >> 16 ) & 0xff] << 8 ) |
+ p_css_tab4[( i_lfsr0 >> 24 ) & 0xff];
+
+ i_combined = 0;
+ for( i = 0 ; i < KEY_SIZE ; ++i )
+ {
+ o_lfsr1 = p_css_tab2[i_lfsr1_hi] ^ p_css_tab3[i_lfsr1_lo];
+ i_lfsr1_hi = i_lfsr1_lo >> 1;
+ i_lfsr1_lo = ( ( i_lfsr1_lo & 1 ) << 8 ) ^ o_lfsr1;
+ o_lfsr1 = p_css_tab4[o_lfsr1];
+
+ o_lfsr0 = ((((((( i_lfsr0 >> 8 ) ^ i_lfsr0 ) >> 1 )
+ ^ i_lfsr0 ) >> 3 ) ^ i_lfsr0 ) >> 7 );
+ i_lfsr0 = ( i_lfsr0 >> 8 ) | ( o_lfsr0 << 24 );
+
+ i_combined += ( o_lfsr0 ^ invert ) + o_lfsr1;
+ k[i] = i_combined & 0xff;
+ i_combined >>= 8;
+ }
+
+ p_result[4] = k[4] ^ p_css_tab1[p_crypted[4]] ^ p_crypted[3];
+ p_result[3] = k[3] ^ p_css_tab1[p_crypted[3]] ^ p_crypted[2];
+ p_result[2] = k[2] ^ p_css_tab1[p_crypted[2]] ^ p_crypted[1];
+ p_result[1] = k[1] ^ p_css_tab1[p_crypted[1]] ^ p_crypted[0];
+ p_result[0] = k[0] ^ p_css_tab1[p_crypted[0]] ^ p_result[4];
+
+ p_result[4] = k[4] ^ p_css_tab1[p_result[4]] ^ p_result[3];
+ p_result[3] = k[3] ^ p_css_tab1[p_result[3]] ^ p_result[2];
+ p_result[2] = k[2] ^ p_css_tab1[p_result[2]] ^ p_result[1];
+ p_result[1] = k[1] ^ p_css_tab1[p_result[1]] ^ p_result[0];
+ p_result[0] = k[0] ^ p_css_tab1[p_result[0]];
+
+ return;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * player_keys: alternate DVD player keys
+ *****************************************************************************
+ * These player keys were generated using Frank A. Stevenson's PlayerKey
+ * cracker. A copy of his article can be found here:
+ * http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/FrankStevenson/mail2.txt
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static const dvd_key_t player_keys[] =
+{
+ { 0x01, 0xaf, 0xe3, 0x12, 0x80 },
+ { 0x12, 0x11, 0xca, 0x04, 0x3b },
+ { 0x14, 0x0c, 0x9e, 0xd0, 0x09 },
+ { 0x14, 0x71, 0x35, 0xba, 0xe2 },
+ { 0x1a, 0xa4, 0x33, 0x21, 0xa6 },
+ { 0x26, 0xec, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x4e },
+ { 0x2c, 0xb2, 0xc1, 0x09, 0xee },
+ { 0x2f, 0x25, 0x9e, 0x96, 0xdd },
+ { 0x33, 0x2f, 0x49, 0x6c, 0xe0 },
+ { 0x35, 0x5b, 0xc1, 0x31, 0x0f },
+ { 0x36, 0x67, 0xb2, 0xe3, 0x85 },
+ { 0x39, 0x3d, 0xf1, 0xf1, 0xbd },
+ { 0x3b, 0x31, 0x34, 0x0d, 0x91 },
+ { 0x45, 0xed, 0x28, 0xeb, 0xd3 },
+ { 0x48, 0xb7, 0x6c, 0xce, 0x69 },
+ { 0x4b, 0x65, 0x0d, 0xc1, 0xee },
+ { 0x4c, 0xbb, 0xf5, 0x5b, 0x23 },
+ { 0x51, 0x67, 0x67, 0xc5, 0xe0 },
+ { 0x53, 0x94, 0xe1, 0x75, 0xbf },
+ { 0x57, 0x2c, 0x8b, 0x31, 0xae },
+ { 0x63, 0xdb, 0x4c