path: root/DOCS/man/en/af.rst

AUDIO FILTERS
=============

Audio filters allow you to modify the audio stream and its properties. The
syntax is:

``--af=<filter1[=parameter1:parameter2:...],filter2,...>``
    Setup a chain of audio filters.

.. note::

    To get a full list of available audio filters, see ``--af=help``.

You can also set defaults for each filter. The defaults are applied before the
normal filter parameters.

``--af-defaults=<filter1[=parameter1:parameter2:...],filter2,...>``
    Set defaults for each filter.

Audio filters are managed in lists. There are a few commands to manage the
filter list:

``--af-add=<filter1[,filter2,...]>``
    Appends the filters given as arguments to the filter list.

``--af-pre=<filter1[,filter2,...]>``
    Prepends the filters given as arguments to the filter list.

``--af-del=<index1[,index2,...]>``
    Deletes the filters at the given indexes. Index numbers start at 0,
    negative numbers address the end of the list (-1 is the last).

``--af-clr``
    Completely empties the filter list.

Available filters are:

``lavrresample[=option1:option2:...]``
    This filter uses libavresample (or libswresample, depending on the build)
    to change sample rate, sample format, or channel layout of the audio stream.
    This filter is automatically enabled if the audio output does not support
    the audio configuration of the file being played.

    It supports only the following sample formats: u8, s16, s32, float.

    ``filter-size=<length>``
        Length of the filter with respect to the lower sampling rate. (default:
        16)
    ``phase-shift=<count>``
        Log2 of the number of polyphase entries. (..., 10->1024, 11->2048,
        12->4096, ...) (default: 10->1024)
    ``cutoff=<cutoff>``
        Cutoff frequency (0.0-1.0), default set depending upon filter length.
    ``linear``
        If set then filters will be linearly interpolated between polyphase
        entries. (default: no)
    ``no-detach``
        Do not detach if input and output audio format/rate/channels match.
        (If you just want to set defaults for this filter that will be used
        even by automatically inserted lavrresample instances, you should
        prefer setting them with ``--af-defaults=lavrresample:...``.)
    ``o=<string>``
        Set AVOptions on the SwrContext or AVAudioResampleContext. These should
        be documented by FFmpeg or Libav.

``lavcac3enc[=tospdif[:bitrate[:minchn]]]``
    Encode multi-channel audio to AC-3 at runtime using libavcodec. Supports
    16-bit native-endian input format, maximum 6 channels. The output is
    big-endian when outputting a raw AC-3 stream, native-endian when
    outputting to S/PDIF. If the input sample rate is not 48 kHz, 44.1 kHz or
    32 kHz, it will be resampled to 48 kHz.

    ``tospdif=<yes|no>``
        Output raw AC-3 stream if ``no``, output to S/PDIF for
        passthrough if ``yes`` (default).

    ``bitrate=<rate>``
        The bitrate use for the AC-3 stream. Set it to 384 to get 384 kbps.

        Valid values: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128,
        160, 192, 224, 256, 320, 384, 448, 512, 576, 640.

        The special value ``default`` selects a default bitrate based on the
        input channel number:

        :1ch: 96
        :2ch: 192
        :3ch: 224
        :4ch: 384
        :5ch: 448
        :6ch: 448

    ``minchn=<n>``
        If the input channel number is less than ``<minchn>``, the filter will
        detach itself (default: 5).

``sweep[=speed]``
    Produces a sine sweep.

    ``<0.0-1.0>``
        Sine function delta, use very low values to hear the sweep.

``sinesuppress[=freq:decay]``
    Remove a sine at the specified frequency. Useful to get rid of the 50/60Hz
    noise on low quality audio equipment. It only works on mono input.

    ``<freq>``
        The frequency of the sine which should be removed (in Hz) (default:
        50)
    ``<decay>``
        Controls the adaptivity (a larger value will make the filter adapt to
        amplitude and phase changes quicker, a smaller value will make the
        adaptation slower) (default: 0.0001). Reasonable values are around
        0.001.

``bs2b[=option1:option2:...]``
    Bauer stereophonic to binaural transformation using libbs2b. Improves the
    headphone listening experience by making the sound similar to that from
    loudspeakers, allowing each ear to hear both channels and taking into
    account the distance difference and the head shadowing effect. It is
    applicable only to 2-channel audio.

    ``fcut=<300-1000>``
        Set cut frequency in Hz.
    ``feed=<10-150>``
        Set feed level for low frequencies in 0.1*dB.
    ``profile=<value>``
        Several profiles are available for convenience:

        :default: will be used if nothing else was specified (fcut=700,
                  feed=45)
        :cmoy:    Chu Moy circuit implementation (fcut=700, feed=60)
        :jmeier:  Jan Meier circuit implementation (fcut=650, feed=95)

    If ``fcut`` or ``feed`` options are specified together with a profile, they
    will be applied on top of the selected profile.

``hrtf[=flag]``
    Head-related transfer function: Converts multichannel audio to 2-channel
    output for headphones, preserving the spatiality of the sound.

    ==== ===================================
    Flag Meaning
    ==== ===================================
    m    matrix decoding of the rear channel
    s    2-channel matrix decoding
    0    no matrix decoding (default)
    ==== ===================================

``equalizer=[g1:g2:g3:...:g10]``
    10 octave band graphic equalizer, implemented using 10 IIR band-pass
    filters. This means that it works regardless of what type of audio is
    being played back. The center frequencies for the 10 bands are:

    === ==========
    No. frequency
    === ==========
    0    31.25  Hz
    1    62.50  Hz
    2   125.00  Hz
    3   250.00  Hz
    4   500.00  Hz
    5     1.00 kHz
    6     2.00 kHz
    7     4.00 kHz
    8     8.00 kHz
    9    16.00 kHz
    === ==========

    If the sample rate of the sound being played is lower than the center
    frequency for a frequency band, then that band will be disabled. A known
    bug with this filter is that the characteristics for the uppermost band
    are not completely symmetric if the sample rate is close to the center
    frequency of that band. This problem can be worked around by upsampling
    the sound using a resampling filter before it reaches this filter.

    ``<g1>:<g2>:<g3>:...:<g10>``
        floating point numbers representing the gain in dB for each frequency
        band (-12-12)

    .. admonition:: Example

        ``mpv --af=equalizer=11:11:10:5:0:-12:0:5:12:12 media.avi``
            Would amplify the sound in the upper and lower frequency region
            while canceling it almost completely around 1kHz.

``channels=nch[:nr:from1:to1:from2:to2:from3:to3:...]``
    Can be used for adding, removing, routing and copying audio channels. If
    only ``<nch>`` is given, the default routing is used. It works as follows:
    If the number of output channels is greater than the number of input
    channels, empty channels are inserted (except when mixing from mono to
    stereo; then the mono channel is duplicated). If the number of output
    channels is less than the number of input channels, the exceeding
    channels are truncated.

    ``<nch>``
        number of output channels (1-8)
    ``<nr>``
        number of routes (1-8)
    ``<from1:to1:from2:to2:from3:to3:...>``
        Pairs of numbers between 0 and 7 that define where to route each
        channel.

    .. admonition:: Examples

        ``mpv --af=channels=4:4:0:1:1:0:2:2:3:3 media.avi``
            Would change the number of channels to 4 and set up 4 routes that
            swap channel 0 and channel 1 and leave channel 2 and 3 intact.
            Observe that if media containing two channels were played back,
            channels 2 and 3 would contain silence but 0 and 1 would still be
            swapped.

        ``mpv --af=channels=6:4:0:0:0:1:0:2:0:3 media.avi``
            Would change the number of channels to 6 and set up 4 routes that
            copy channel 0 to channels 0 to 3. Channel 4 and 5 will contain
            silence.

``format=format:srate:channels:out-format:out-srate:out-channels``
    Force a specific audio format/configuration without actually changing the
    audio data. Keep in mind that the filter system might auto-insert actual
    conversion filters before or after this filter if needed.

    All parameters are optional. The first 3 parameters restrict what the filter
    accepts as input. The ``out-`` parameters change the audio format, without
    actually doing a conversion. The data will be 'reinterpreted' by the
    filters or audio outputs following this filter.

    ``<format>``
        Force conversion to this format. Use ``--af=format=format=help`` to get
        a list of valid formats.

    ``<srate>``
        Force conversion to a specific sample rate. The rate is an integer,
        48000 for example.

    ``<channels>``
        Force mixing to a specific channel layout. See ``--channels`` option
        for possible values.

    ``<out-format>``

    ``<out-srate>``

    ``<out-channels>``

    See also ``--format``, ``--srate``, and ``--channels`` for related options.
    Keep in mind that ``--channels`` does not actually force the number of
    channels in most cases, while this filter can do this.

    *NOTE*: this filter used to be named ``force``. Also, unlike the old
    ``format`` filter, this does not do any actual conversion anymore.
    Conversion is done by other, automatically inserted filters.

``convert24``
    Filter for internal use only. Converts between 24-bit and 32-bit sample
    formats.

``convertsignendian``
    Filter for internal use only. Converts between signed/unsigned formats
    and formats with different endian.

``volume[=volumedb[:softclip[:s16]]]``
    Implements software volume control. Use this filter with caution since it
    can reduce the signal to noise ratio of the sound. In most cases it is
    best to use the *Master* volume control of your sound card or the volume
    knob on your amplifier.

    *NOTE*: This filter is not reentrant and can therefore only be enabled
    once for every audio stream.

    ``<volumedb>``
        Sets the desired gain in dB for all channels in the stream from -200dB
        to +60dB, where -200dB mutes the sound completely and +60dB equals a
        gain of 1000 (default: 0).
    ``<softclip>``
        Turns soft clipping on. Soft-clipping can make the
        sound more smooth if very high volume levels are used. Enable this
        option if the dynamic range of the loudspeakers is very low.

        *WARNING*: This feature creates distortion and should be considered a
        last resort.
    ``<s16>``
        Force S16 sample format if set. Lower quality, but might be faster
        in some situations.

    .. admonition:: Example

        ``mpv --af=volume=10.1 media.avi``
            Would amplify the sound by 10.1dB and hard-clip if the sound level
            is too high.

``pan=n[:L00:L01:L02:...L10:L11:L12:...Ln0:Ln1:Ln2:...]``
    Mixes channels arbitrarily. Basically a combination of the volume and the
    channels filter that can be used to down-mix many channels to only a few,
    e.g. stereo to mono, or vary the "width" of the center speaker in a
    surround sound system. This filter is hard to use, and will require some
    tinkering before the desired result is obtained. The number of options for
    this filter depends on the number of output channels. An example how to
    downmix a six-channel file to two channels with this filter can be found
    in the examples section near the end.

    ``<n>``
        Number of output channels (1-8).
    ``<Lij>``
        How much of input channel i is mixed into output channel j (0-1). So
        in principle you first have n numbers saying what to do with the first
        input channel, then n numbers that act on the second input channel
        etc. If you do not specify any numbers for some input channels, 0 is
        assumed.

    .. admonition:: Examples

        ``mpv --af=pan=1:0.5:0.5 media.avi``
            Would downmix from stereo to mono.

        ``mpv --af=pan=3:1:0:0.5:0:1:0.5 media.avi``
            Would give 3 channel output leaving channels 0 and 1 intact, and mix
            channels 0 and 1 into output channel 2 (which could be sent to a
            subwoofer for example).

    .. note::

        If you just want to force remixing to a certain output channel layout,
        it is easier to use the ``format`` filter. For example,
        ``mpv '--af=format=channels=5.1' '--channels=5.1'`` would always force
        remixing audio to 5.1 and output it like this.

``sub[=fc:ch]``
    Adds a subwoofer channel to the audio stream. The audio data used for
    creating the subwoofer channel is an average of the sound in channel 0 and
    channel 1. The resulting sound is then low-pass filtered by a 4th order
    Butterworth filter with a default cutoff frequency of 60Hz and added to a
    separate channel in the audio stream.

    .. warning::

        Disable this filter when you are playing media with an LFE channel
        (e.g. 5.1 surround sound), otherwise this filter will disrupt the sound
        to the subwoofer.

    ``<fc>``
        cutoff frequency in Hz for the low-pass filter (20Hz to 300Hz)
        (default: 60Hz) For the best result try setting the cutoff frequency
        as low as possible. This will improve the stereo or surround sound
        experience.
    ``<ch>``
        Determines the channel number in which to insert the sub-channel
        audio. Channel number can be between 0 and 7 (default: 5). Observe
        that the number of channels will automatically be increased to <ch> if
        necessary.

    .. admonition:: Example

        ``mpv --af=sub=100:4 --channels=5 media.avi``
            Would add a subwoofer channel with a cutoff frequency of 100Hz to
            output channel 4.

``center``
    Creates a center channel from the front channels. May currently be low
    quality as it does not implement a high-pass filter for proper extraction
    yet, but averages and halves the channels instead.

    ``<ch>``
        Determines the channel number in which to insert the center channel.
        Channel number can be between 0 and 7 (default: 5). Observe that the
        number of channels will automatically be increased to ``<ch>`` if
        necessary.

``surround[=delay]``
    Decoder for matrix encoded surround sound like Dolby Surround. Some files
    with 2-channel audio actually contain matrix encoded surround sound.

    ``<delay>``
        delay time in ms for the rear speakers (0 to 1000) (default: 20) This
        delay should be set as follows: If d1 is the distance from the
        listening position to the front speakers and d2 is the distance from
        the listening position to the rear speakers, then the delay should be
        set to 15ms if d1 <= d2 and to 15 + 5*(d1-d2) if d1 > d2.

    .. admonition:: Example

        ``mpv --af=surround=15 --channels=4 media.avi``
            Would add surround sound decoding with 15ms delay for the sound to
            the rear speakers.

``delay[=ch1:ch2:...]``
    Delays the sound to the loudspeakers such that the sound from the
    different channels arrives at the listening position simultaneously. It is
    only useful if you have more than 2 loudspeakers.

    ``ch1,ch2,...``
        The delay in ms that should be imposed on each channel (floating point
        number between 0 and 1000).

    To calculate the required delay for the different channels, do as follows:

    1. Measure the distance to the loudspeakers in meters in relation to your
       listening position, giving you the distances s1 to s5 (for a 5.1
       system). There is no point in compensating for the subwoofer (you will
       not hear the difference anyway).

    2. Subtract the distances s1 to s5 from the maximum distance, i.e.
       ``s[i] = max(s) - s[i]; i = 1...5``.

    3. Calculate the required delays in ms as ``d[i] = 1000*s[i]/342; i =
       1...5``.

    .. admonition:: Example

        ``mpv --af=delay=10.5:10.5:0:0:7:0 media.avi``
            Would delay front left and right by 10.5ms, the two rear channels
            and the subwoofer by 0ms and the center channel by 7ms.

``export[=mmapped_file[:nsamples]]``
    Exports the incoming signal to other processes using memory mapping
    (``mmap()``). Memory mapped areas contain a header::

        int nch                      /* number of channels */
        int size                     /* buffer size */
        unsigned long long counter   /* Used to keep sync, updated every time
                                        new data is exported. */

    The rest is payload (non-interleaved) 16-bit data.

    ``<mmapped_file>``
        File to map data to (default: ``~/.mpv/mpv-af_export``).
    ``<nsamples>``
        number of samples per channel (default: 512).

    .. admonition:: Example

        ``mpv --af=export=/tmp/mpv-af_export:1024 media.avi``
            Would export 1024 samples per channel to ``/tmp/mpv-af_export``.

``extrastereo[=mul]``
    (Linearly) increases the difference between left and right channels which
    adds some sort of "live" effect to playback.

    ``<mul>``
        Sets the difference coefficient (default: 2.5). 0.0 means mono sound
        (average of both channels), with 1.0 sound will be unchanged, with
        -1.0 left and right channels will be swapped.

``drc[=method:target]``
    Applies dynamic range compression. This maximizes the volume by compressing
    the audio signal's dynamic range. (Formerly called ``volnorm``.)

    ``<method>``
        Sets the used method.

        1
            Use a single sample to smooth the variations via the standard
            weighted mean over past samples (default).
        2
            Use several samples to smooth the variations via the standard
            weighted mean over past samples.

    ``<target>``
        Sets the target amplitude as a fraction of the maximum for the sample
        type (default: 0.25).

    .. note::

        This filter can cause distortion with audio signals that have a very
        large dynamic range.

``ladspa=file:label[:controls...]``
    Load a LADSPA (Linux Audio Developer's Simple Plugin API) plugin. This
    filter is reentrant, so multiple LADSPA plugins can be used at once.

    ``<file>``
        Specifies the LADSPA plugin library file.

        .. note::

            See also the note about the ``LADSPA_PATH`` variable in the
            `ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES`_ section.
    ``<label>``
        Specifies the filter within the library. Some libraries contain only
        one filter, but others contain many of them. Entering 'help' here
        will list all available filters within the specified library, which
        eliminates the use of 'listplugins' from the LADSPA SDK.
    ``<controls>``
        Controls are zero or more floating point values that determine the
        behavior of the loaded plugin (for example delay, threshold or gain).
        In verbose mode (add ``-v`` to the mpv command line), all
        available controls and their valid ranges are printed. This eliminates
        the use of 'analyseplugin' from the LADSPA SDK.

``karaoke``
    Simple voice removal filter exploiting the fact that voice is usually
    recorded with mono gear and later 'center' mixed onto the final audio
    stream. Beware that this filter will turn your signal into mono. Works
    well for 2 channel tracks; do not bother trying it on anything but 2
    channel stereo.

``scaletempo[=option1:option2:...]``
    Scales audio tempo without altering pitch, optionally synced to playback
    speed (default).

    This works by playing 'stride' ms of audio at normal speed then consuming
    'stride*scale' ms of input audio. It pieces the strides together by
    blending 'overlap'% of stride with audio following the previous stride. It
    optionally performs a short statistical analysis on the next 'search' ms
    of audio to determine the best overlap position.

    ``scale=<amount>``
        Nominal amount to scale tempo. Scales this amount in addition to
        speed. (default: 1.0)
    ``stride=<amount>``
        Length in milliseconds to output each stride. Too high of a value will
        cause noticeable skips at high scale amounts and an echo at low scale
        amounts. Very low values will alter pitch. Increasing improves
        performance. (default: 60)
    ``overlap=<percent>``
        Percentage of stride to overlap. Decreasing improves performance.
        (default: .20)
    ``search=<amount>``
        Length in milliseconds to search for best overlap position. Decreasing
        improves performance greatly. On slow systems, you will probably want
        to set this very low. (default: 14)
    ``speed=<tempo|pitch|both|none>``
        Set response to speed change.

        tempo
             Scale tempo in sync with speed (default).
        pitch
             Reverses effect of filter. Scales pitch without altering tempo.
             Add ``[ speed_mult 0.9438743126816935`` and ``] speed_mult
             1.059463094352953`` to your ``input.conf`` to step by musical
             semi-tones.

             .. warning::

                Loses sync with video.
        both
            Scale both tempo and pitch.
        none
            Ignore speed changes.

    .. admonition:: Examples

        ``mpv --af=scaletempo --speed=1.2 media.ogg``
            Would play media at 1.2x normal speed, with audio at normal
            pitch. Changing playback speed would change audio tempo to match.

        ``mpv --af=scaletempo=scale=1.2:speed=none --speed=1.2 media.ogg``
            Would play media at 1.2x normal speed, with audio at normal
            pitch, but changing playback speed would have no effect on audio
            tempo.

        ``mpv --af=scaletempo=stride=30:overlap=.50:search=10 media.ogg``
            Would tweak the quality and performace parameters.

        ``mpv --af=format=float,scaletempo media.ogg``
            Would make scaletempo use float code. Maybe faster on some
            platforms.

        ``mpv --af=scaletempo=scale=1.2:speed=pitch audio.ogg``
            Would play media at 1.2x normal speed, with audio at normal pitch.
            Changing playback speed would change pitch, leaving audio tempo at
            1.2x.

``lavfi=graph``
    Filter audio using ffmpeg's libavfilter.

    ``<graph>``
        Libavfilter graph. See ``lavfi`` video filter for details - the graph
        syntax is the same.

        .. warning::

            Don't forget to quote libavfilter graphs as described in the lavfi
            video filter section.

    ``o=<string>``
        AVOptions.