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+.. _audio_outputs:
+
+AUDIO OUTPUT DRIVERS
+====================
+
+Audio output drivers are interfaces to different audio output facilities. The
+syntax is:
+
+--ao=<driver1[:suboption1[=value]:...],driver2,...[,]>
+    Specify a priority list of audio output drivers to be used.
+
+If the list has a trailing ',' MPlayer will fall back on drivers not contained
+in the list. Suboptions are optional and can mostly be omitted.
+
+*NOTE*: See ``--ao=help`` for a list of compiled-in audio output drivers.
+
+*EXAMPLE*:
+
+    - ``--ao=alsa,oss,`` Try the ALSA driver, then the OSS driver, then others.
+    - ``--ao=alsa:noblock:device=hw=0.3`` Sets noblock-mode and the device-name
+      as first card, fourth device.
+
+Available audio output drivers are:
+
+alsa
+    ALSA 0.9/1.x audio output driver
+
+    noblock
+        Sets noblock-mode.
+    device=<device>
+        Sets the device name. Replace any ',' with '.' and any ':' with '=' in
+        the ALSA device name. For hwac3 output via S/PDIF, use an "iec958" or
+        "spdif" device, unless you really know how to set it correctly.
+
+alsa5
+    ALSA 0.5 audio output driver
+
+oss
+    OSS audio output driver
+
+    <dsp-device>
+        Sets the audio output device (default: ``/dev/dsp``).
+    <mixer-device>
+        Sets the audio mixer device (default: ``/dev/mixer``).
+    <mixer-channel>
+        Sets the audio mixer channel (default: pcm).
+
+sdl (SDL only)
+    highly platform independent SDL (Simple Directmedia Layer) library audio
+    output driver
+
+    <driver>
+        Explicitly choose the SDL audio driver to use (default: let SDL
+        choose).
+
+jack
+    audio output through JACK (Jack Audio Connection Kit)
+
+    port=<name>
+        Connects to the ports with the given name (default: physical ports).
+    name=<client
+        Client name that is passed to JACK (default: MPlayer [<PID>]). Useful
+        if you want to have certain connections established automatically.
+    (no-)estimate
+        Estimate the audio delay, supposed to make the video playback smoother
+        (default: enabled).
+    (no-)autostart
+        Automatically start jackd if necessary (default: disabled). Note that
+        this seems unreliable and will spam stdout with server messages.
+
+nas
+    audio output through NAS
+
+coreaudio (Mac OS X only)
+    native Mac OS X audio output driver
+
+    device_id=<id>
+        ID of output device to use (0 = default device)
+    help
+        List all available output devices with their IDs.
+
+openal
+    Experimental OpenAL audio output driver
+
+pulse
+    PulseAudio audio output driver
+
+    [<host>][:<output sink>]
+        Specify the host and optionally output sink to use. An empty <host>
+        string uses a local connection, "localhost" uses network transfer
+        (most likely not what you want).
+
+sun (Sun only)
+    native Sun audio output driver
+
+    <device>
+        Explicitly choose the audio device to use (default: ``/dev/audio``).
+
+win32 (Windows only)
+    native Windows waveout audio output driver
+
+dsound (Windows only)
+    DirectX DirectSound audio output driver
+
+    device=<devicenum>
+        Sets the device number to use. Playing a file with ``-v`` will show a
+        list of available devices.
+
+ivtv (IVTV only)
+    IVTV specific MPEG audio output driver. Works with ``--ac=hwmpa`` only.
+
+v4l2 (requires Linux 2.6.22+ kernel)
+    Audio output driver for V4L2 cards with hardware MPEG decoder.
+
+mpegpes (DVB only)
+    Audio output driver for DVB cards that writes the output to an MPEG-PES
+    file if no DVB card is installed.
+
+    card=<1-4>
+        DVB card to use if more than one card is present. If not specified
+        MPlayer will search the first usable card.
+    file=<filename>
+        output filename
+
+null
+    Produces no audio output but maintains video playback speed. Use
+    ``--nosound`` for benchmarking.
+
+pcm
+    raw PCM/wave file writer audio output
+
+    (no-)waveheader
+        Include or do not include the wave header (default: included). When
+        not included, raw PCM will be generated.
+    file=<filename>
+        Write the sound to <filename> instead of the default
+        ``audiodump.wav``. If nowaveheader is specified, the default is
+        ``audiodump.pcm``.
+
+rsound
+    audio output to an RSound daemon
+
+    host=<name/path>
+        Set the address of the server (default: localhost).  Can be either a
+        network hostname for TCP connections or a Unix domain socket path
+        starting with '/'.
+    port=<number>
+        Set the TCP port used for connecting to the server (default: 12345).
+        Not used if connecting to a Unix domain socket.
+
+plugin
+    plugin audio output driver